Changelog

mailbox_confidence on a relay alias stays at 50. It used to add the relay operator's DMARC, SPF, mail provider and domain age, and to score the alias's name, which says nothing about whether one alias exists, so a made-up alias at bravealias.com scored 75. Now only evidence against the alias moves it: a bounce rate of 50% or more among the sends reported for the domain takes 20 off, and a plus-tag takes 10. A sending policy with a min_mailbox_confidence above 50 may now hold catch-all relay aliases it used to let through; the default policy sets no floor.

23 more alias domains answer as relays. They are:

• Surfshark Alternative ID: ten domains, such as flounderfantasy.com and dontsp.am.
• IronVest Masked Email: opayq.com, and Abine's older abinemail.com, blurmail.net, blurme.net and maskmemail.com.
• Erine.email: erine.email and erine.eu.
• Alias Email: bumpmail.io.
• Guard Email: m.guardemail.com and m1.guardemail.com.
• Addy.io: 4wrd.cc and addy.to.
• 33Mail: 33m.co.

Several sat on the open burner list, so an address there could answer disposable with the 80-point weight and no mailbox check. They now answer is_relay true with their relay_service. Cloaked's identity domains are not listed, because Cloaked keeps identity mail in its own inbox unless the owner turns forwarding on. Lookups already logged were relabelled for the email statistics.

Only Amazon's inbound mail hosts read as amazon-ses. Any mail host named under amazonaws.com used to answer mx_provider amazon-ses and mx_provider_type transactional, including an EC2 instance, a load balancer or an SES Mail Manager gateway. Now only inbound-smtp.{region}.amazonaws.com, which SES receiving and WorkMail use, does; the rest answer other. Domain monitors start a fresh provider baseline for the domains they last saw as amazon-ses, so the relabelling sends no alert. The mx-provider-patterns version is 2026-10-08.

A delivery report no longer says a domain is not catch-all. An address your account reported delivered answers as a confirmed mailbox. Its catch_all used to read false, even at a domain known to accept every address. It is now null, because the report says nothing about the rest of the domain. The verdict, score and billing are unchanged.

Domain pages describe relay domains as alias services. The domain checker pages called a relay domain an organisation's own domain, and called Amazon SES "a transactional or application setup". They now name the relay service and say it forwards each alias to its owner's inbox.

The forwarding-services dataset version is 2026-10-08.

A building named in front of its number and street. Richmond House 50 Tontine Street, Blackburn BB1 7ED now reads Richmond House as the building and 50 Tontine Street as the number and street, as the comma form already did; the whole line used to be the street, with no house number. The split needs a name of two words or more that ends in a building word — House, Building, Court, Point, Quay, Wharf, Park and the like — followed by a number and a street that ends in a street type, in a country that writes the number first, so a street such as Mill House Close is never cut. A unit written in front reads the same way: Unit 3 Morris Park 37 Rosyth Road is Unit 3 of Morris Park, at 37 Rosyth Road.

The street on a care-of line. In separated fields, a care-of line that carries the street keeps the street and drops the name: C/O CSC CLS (UK) LIMITED 5 CHURCHILL PLACE above 10TH FLOOR reads 5 Churchill Place with the unit 10TH FLOOR, where the whole line used to be set aside and the address was left with no street. An ordinal street (c/o ACME Corp 623 26th Ave) and one whose type comes first (c/o Smith LLP 1345 Avenue of the Americas) are read too, and so, in any country, is a street parted from the name by a comma (c/o Ola Hansen, Karl Johans gate 22 reads Karl Johans gate 22). Wherever the name can be told from the street it never becomes the street, and a care-of line with no street on it is set aside once a town or postcode is given, as it already was in a written address.

A town after a floor. 167-169 Great Portland Street 5th Floor London, W1W 5PF reads London as the locality, where it used to take London for the dependent_locality and leave the town empty. That happens only when no other town line is written, and a room or building named after the floor — Lion Suite, Lion House — is never the town.

States in Mexico and India. A Mexican state written by its INEGI code, abbreviation or name — Jal., N.L., Edo. Méx. — and an Indian state written by its name are read as the administrative_area, before or after the postcode, a full name when it stands on a line of its own: Avenida Juárez 100, Guadalajara, Jal. 44100 reads Guadalajara in Jal. and matches the postcode on both, where Jal. used to be taken for the town, and 1 MG Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560001 reads Bengaluru in Karnataka. A state whose full name is also a large city's — Puebla, Durango, Oaxaca, Delhi — and Mexico City are left to be read as the town.

An Irish county is not an Eircode. A postcode with no digit in it is no longer read as one, so 12 Main Street, Naas, Co. Kildare reads Naas in Co. Kildare with no Eircode, where it used to take KILDARE for the postcode, and a town written alone after the street — Athlone, New Ross — stays the town. A real Eircode (D02 X285) still reads, and Bermuda's letter-only codes (HM BX) are the one exception.

Unit lines as each country writes them. A German 3. OG or EG, a Danish 2. tv, a Spanish 3º B, an Italian Scala B after the town and a French Bât. B are the unit, where they used to be read as a district or as the region, and a French Résidence is a building: Calle Mayor 5, 3º B, 28013 Madrid answers unit 3º B. An Austrian Stiege 3, Top 7 is the unit too, but only in Austria: in Germany and Switzerland Stiege is a street name, so Stiege 12, 48739 Legden reads the street Stiege at number 12. Studio is a unit word when a number or a single letter follows it (Studio 16, 5 Marine Crescent), while Studio Rd stays a street; a box line keeps the street written below it (CS 70001 above 12 rue Bichat); and a building number written before a unit carries to the street on the next line.

Unit and number, the way they are written. In Australia and New Zealand a slash is unit over number: 3 / 1234 Pacific Highway, Pymble NSW 2073 answers unit 3 and house_number 1234, where the number used to be 3 / 1234, and Level 3/123 Collins Street, Melbourne VIC 3000 reads unit Level 3 at 123 Collins Street. An Austrian Hauptstraße 3/2/12 reads number 3 with unit 2/12, and a Russian ул. Тверская, д. 1 reads the street and house number 1. A company name above a numbered street is the organisation, and a numbered street is never taken for the town: Knoll Buchler Phillips Limited, 84 Grosvenor Street, W1K 3LN reads 84 Grosvenor Street.

13 of the parser corpus's 18 known limits are closed. It now holds 238 written addresses, 6 of them known limits with today's answer and a note.

Company counts, re-keyed. Re-keying the whole Companies House copy of 1 September 2026 with the new parser, the way the company index files it, 4,221,495 companies key to a building, up from 4,109,723. Of the 110,663 that had no key before and have one now, 46,438 gained it through a building named in front of its number, 41,041 through a unit written before a building and 10,153 through a care-of line. Richmond House, 50 Tontine Street BB1 7ED goes from 89 companies to 307, 5 Churchill Place E14 5HU from 1,921 to 2,640, Carpenter Court, 1 Maple Road SK7 2DH from 11 to 865, Lake House, 2 Port Way PO6 4TY from 7 to 772 and Lytchett House, 13 Freeland Park BH16 6FA from 142 to 1,711, and the filings keyed to a street that is really a care-of line fall from 4,356 to 1,601. Brønnøysund's file and the five US business registers go through the same separated fields and lose 1,114 Norwegian entries and 632 American ones: every Norwegian one a lone care-of line, and each of the 107 American ones sampled a lone care-of or attention line.

Other names of a town. A town written under another name of the same place now matches its postcode: Munich for 80331 (München), Cologne, Vienna, Prague, Lisbon, Rome, Milan, Brussels, Bucharest, Moscow and Kiev each scored locality_mismatch and now read locality_matches_postcode: true. The names come from GeoNames' list of places of 15,000 people or more (CC BY 4.0), compared inside one country only; a name that another listed place of that country also carries is left out, and so are airport codes. Another name is matched against the postcode's own places, or the name of a one-city region, never against its neighbours', and a town's only where the postcode's centroid lies within 30 km of the point GeoNames gives the place, so Bristol written for Briston's NR24 2AD and Berlin for Perlin's 19209 are refused. A name the directory also lists as a town of its own more than 30 km away counts only when it is the place's own name cut short — Biberach for Biberach an der Riß, Yarmouth for Great Yarmouth — so Perlin, a village near Schwerin that GeoNames lists among Berlin's names, is refused for a Berlin code too. An answer confirmed through another name names geonames-cities in its sources, dated by the day the cities file was installed; one written in the directory's own spelling, München, does not. Measured on 24 September 2026 across every installed directory, Great Britain's included, as it stood before the GeoNames re-read below, writing 23,683 of the list's towns in those countries under their GeoNames names: the postcode nearest the town accepts it 77.6 percent of the time, up from 72.5; a wrong postcode 15 to 40 km away 56.0 percent, up from 55.6, every gain within 30 km of the town at a code that lists it under another of its names or in its one-city region; and one 40 to 150 km away 36.2 percent, unchanged but for a single Bangkok code, which Bangkok's one-city region accepts. Of 32,700 real pairs of a postcode and its own first place none changed, and of 25,867 wrong pairs none was newly accepted. A wrong name — Pressburg, Bratislava's German name, for a Budapest code — is still refused.

A town written as its one-city region. Where the region a postcode is filed under is a single city, the city's name written as the town reads confirmation.locality: postcode_area, reported and never scored. Mexico City was the only one; Delhi, DKI Jakarta, Bangkok, Bogotá, Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Bucharest, Seoul and Korea's other metropolitan and special self-governing cities — Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan and Sejong — now join it, and so does Tokyo for a code filed under one of its special wards, 7,510 of the directory's 8,747 Tokyo codes. Tokyo for 100-0005, Jakarta for 10110, Seoul, Busan, Sejong, Bangkok and Bogotá scored locality_mismatch and no longer do, while Tokyo written for a Hachiōji code (192-0001) still is: the Tama cities and the islands are not the city. Bucharest is the municipality alone, not Ilfov around it, and Bucharest written as the region for 010011 no longer scores region_mismatch. A region that merely holds a city of its name — Bremen, São Paulo, New York — is never one city.

Region spellings for Indonesia, Korea and Colombia. The directory files Indonesian postcodes under the statistics office's province numbers alone, so any province written by name scored region_mismatch. All 34 provinces now answer to their number, ISO code, Indonesian and English names and the usual short forms (Jawa Barat, West Java, Jabar), and the four Papuan provinces created in 2022 read as inside the one they were split from. Korea's 17 regions, which the directory stores in Hangul, answer to their romanised, English and Hangul names, and Bogotá to its capital-district spellings. Across every installed code, the 8,266 Indonesian codes written with their province's Indonesian name went from region_mismatch to a match, and so did the 34,249 Korean codes written with the short names (Seoul, Gyeonggi), and the 22,273 of them the romanised ISO names had failed.

Danish towns without their district letter, and postcodes in two regions. GeoNames writes a Danish postal town with the letter or name of its district — København K, Aarhus C, Viby J, Nykøbing F, Brenderup Fyn — so København, Copenhagen or Aarhus written on its own scored locality_mismatch. The directory now lists the bare town beside it, and does the same for eleven Dutch codes and one in Liechtenstein whose town carries letters that tell it from a namesake (Bergen L, Mauren FL). A postcode GeoNames files under two regions now keeps both, where it kept only the first: 3644 lies in New South Wales and Victoria, so Cobram East VIC 3644 no longer scores region_mismatch, and nor does Queanbeyan's 2620 written with New South Wales. Measured on 24 September 2026, before and after the directory was re-read from GeoNames with the new reader: the 605 Danish codes whose town carries such a suffix, written with the bare town, go from 599 locality_mismatch to none, and Copenhagen written for the 446 codes of København from 446 to 2 — 0900 and 0999, which GeoNames places in North Jutland, beyond the 30 km another name reaches; 314 codes in 25 countries are filed under two regions or more, and written with a region after the first they go from 269 region_mismatch to none.

Eircode routing keys that cross a county line. GeoNames files each routing key under a single province, so an address in a county across the line from the key's town scored region_mismatch. Which counties a key reaches now comes from the Property Services Regulatory Authority's Residential Property Price Register, as last updated on 23 September 2026 and read on the 24th: 250,671 of its 807,724 sales carry an Eircode, and a county counts for a key once it holds at least ten of that key's sales. Fourteen keys reach a county of another province, or are filed under the wrong one: A82, A91, E32, E41, E53, F91, H12, H91, N37, N39, N41, P14, R42 and X91. For those, every county the key reaches, and that county's province, answers administrative_area_matches_postcode: null, neither confirmed nor refused; the province GeoNames files the key under answers null rather than true; and a county the key does not reach is still refused unless it lies in that province — and for P14, which GeoNames files under Leinster though none of its sales is there, even then: Athlone's N37 written with Roscommon no longer scores, written with Kerry it still does, and Crookstown's P14 written with Kildare now does. D11 and D15 reach into Meath, 17 of D11's 3,132 sales and 149 of D15's 7,075, so neither confirms County Dublin any longer; Dublin 11 and Dublin 15 still do. Written with each sale's own county, the register's addresses now score region_mismatch 330 times, down from 3,644, and 10,035 D11 and D15 sales written with Dublin (3,115 and 6,920) read null where they read true, measured on the same sales that set the ten-sale line. Only the facts derived from it ship — the counties of those fourteen keys, and D11's and D15's — and the register is credited in the footer and in the address guide's table of datasets.

Known limits.

• 1-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0005 keeps 1-1 on the street line: Japan's format writes the block number after the name, as the Japanese script does, and the number is split off only once the formatter writes it first for an address in Latin letters.
• 10 downing street london sw1a2aa, written on one line with no separators, keeps the town on the street line: only a register can say where the street ends.
• A building, court or park named in front of a number, above a street address the parser does not take for one (Innovation Centre 1 Liverpool Science Park over 131 Mount Pleasant, Aftermarket House 5 Marlin Office Village over 1250 Chester Road Castle Bromwich), is keyed at its own number rather than the street's. Of the 185 filings the whole file re-keys, 138 move onto a road OS Open Names lists in the postcode's district and 8 move off one.
• A care-of line in a country that writes the number after the street, with no comma between the name and the street, cannot be cut, because where the name ends and the street begins cannot be read: written as an address, c/o Firma AS Storgata 5, 0155 Oslo is set aside and answers missing_street, and in separated fields the whole line stays the street, c/o Firma AS Storgata at number 5.
• A Mexican state's full name run on after the town on the same line (Guadalajara Jalisco 44100) stays with the town, because towns end in state names too (Miguel Hidalgo, Dolores Hidalgo); written on a line of its own (Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100) it is the state.
• The directory carries no names for Indonesia's regency codes, so Jakarta Pusat written for 10110 still scores locality_mismatch, even though DKI Jakarta now matches the region.
• Cundinamarca for a Bogotá code, and a Russian region written in English (Moscow Oblast), still score region_mismatch.
• Another name that the directory also lists as a town of its own more than 30 km away does not count unless it is the place's own name cut short: Calicut is not taken for Kozhikode at 673001, because a Calicut in the Andamans has a code of its own, and reads postcode_area, unscored; Llanelly for Llanelli's SA15 1AB scores locality_mismatch, because the directory also lists a Llanelly in Monmouthshire. Nor does another name at a postcode GeoNames places more than 30 km from its town: Helsingfors for Helsinki's 00002, which it places at Hattula.
• A code GeoNames files under a region by mistake answers to that region too: Bulgaria's 8543, a Burgas code, is also filed under Montana, so Монтана written for it is accepted.
• A county that holds fewer than ten of a key's sales is still refused: Mullingar's N91 written with Cavan, which holds 4, scores region_mismatch. The register lists residential sales only, so a cross-border area with no recorded sale stays unseen.

A postcode the directory never lists is not evaluated, not refused. Great Britain's directory leaves out Northern Ireland's BT postcodes, because reusing them needs a Land & Property Services licence, and the release carries no British Forces Post Office numbers, no BF1 codes and no non-geographic BX codes. The directory is complete, so until today every one of those answered valid: false with postcode_not_found. They now answer postcode_status: null: valid, with no town or county comparison, no centroid, confirmation.postal_code: "pattern", and no register match, because Ordnance Survey's Open Names covers Great Britain only as well. 1 High Street, Belfast, BT1 5GS is a valid street address with a risk score of 0, and an organisation above a BX code needs no street at all: HM Revenue and Customs, BX9 1AS is valid with the organisation separated. Boxes get the same treatment from the other side. A directory built from places — GeoNames, and every directory a register builds — does not list Postfach PLZs or APO ZIPs, so Postfach 10 01 01, 50441 Köln and PSC 1234 Box 5678, APO AE 09204 are no longer refused by one. The British directory, which does list box and large-user codes, and the French copy, which carries La Poste's business codes, still refuse a box code they lack.

A ZIP+4 is matched on its ZIP everywhere. The United States directory is complete, and it used to be asked for all nine digits, so 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351 answered postcode_not_found. The directory now looks a ZIP+4 up by its ZIP, and so do the building registers, the Census Bureau's number ranges, the company counts, the mail-drop lists and the registered-agent list, on both sides of every match: a filing or a branch published with a ZIP+4 is found by an address written with the plain ZIP, and the reverse. postal_code_formatted keeps all nine digits, and premise_key is the same for either spelling. It matters most in Connecticut, whose business file writes a ZIP+4 on 150,652 of its 439,769 filings, 34 percent; 43 Anvil Drive in Avon now reads the same company count written as 06001 or as 06001-3218. The street listings follow: GET /v1/address/streets and the open half of GET /v1/address/postcode answer a ZIP+4 with every street in its ZIP and label the streets with the ZIP rather than the nine digits, every spelling of one ZIP is one charge for the week, and a test address written 99999-0001 is still a test address.

companies_registered counts only companies that still exist. Every register was audited against its own file:

• Colorado's file lists every entity the state has ever registered. Of its 3,105,488 rows, 2,219,686 belong to entities that still exist — in good standing, behind on a periodic report (which the Secretary of State says does not mean a business has stopped operating), of a type that files no report, or whose agent has resigned — and the other 885,802, among them the dissolved, withdrawn, revoked, merged and converted, are no longer counted. 1500 North Grant Street in Denver read 136,102 companies in the 22 September compile and reads 122,145.
• New York's file held one row per address per document filed, so a company was counted once per filing, under agents it had since replaced, and after it dissolved: its 869,311 registered-agent rows with a street belonged to 542,338 entities. The register now reads the Department of State's active-corporations file, 4,284,739 active entities on 23 September, each counted once, 873,062 of them with a registered agent's street. 28 Liberty Street reads 53,904 rather than 89,029, and 111 Eighth Avenue, where agents that have since moved once filed, 128 rather than 81,625.
• Oregon's file lists active registrations only, but 1,819 of them named their agent more than once, spelled two ways at one address; each now counts once.
• France already counted active establishments only. The 2,429,502 active ones whose owner has opposed publication read "[ND]" in every address cell, and they were filed under placeholder keys no real address matches; they are now left out altogether, so no count at a real French address moves — 60 rue François Ier in Paris still reads 31,270.
• Connecticut and Hawaii (active entities only), Norway (a deleted entity leaves the file) and Companies House (a copy of the live register, with no dissolved company in it; a company in liquidation or under a strike-off notice still holds its registered office and still counts) were checked and are unchanged.
• An agent who writes a building name, a suite or "C/O" on the first line and the street on the second is now read at the street, when only the second line carries a house number: 15,065 New York rows, 6,261 Colorado and 4,995 Oregon. 99 Washington Avenue in Albany, which many filings write as "One Commerce Plaza", now reads 4,794.

Across the eight registers the local compile went from 23,946,643 company records over 9,652,828 addresses on 22 September to 20,812,823 over 9,478,132 today.

The parser finds the town, the organisation and the county.

• A lone line before the state and ZIP, or before the postcode, is the town: Springfield, IL 62701, Southampton, SO14 2AQ and Paris, 75001 answer missing_street, as 75001 Paris already did, where they used to take the town for the street and pass. A line that carries a number, a road or building word, a unit or a box stays the street (Rose Cottage, SO14 2AQ is still a street address), and nothing changes in a country whose format has no town line, such as Singapore.
• Where the line's shape leaves it open, the installed data decides: a place the postcode directory lists for the code or around it makes the line the town, and a street a register's listing files there makes it the street. Strand, WC2R 0RL is a valid street address confirmed by Open Names, and so are Piccadilly, Whitehall and Deansgate written the same way, while Mountain View, CA 94043, whose name ends in a street type, answers missing_street with Mountain View as the town, as Beverly Hills and Oak Park do. Where the data says both or neither, the shape still decides. Nothing new is reported in changes: the line was read, not moved.
• A floor is the unit, not the street: 5th Floor, 167-169 Great Portland Street, London W1W 5PF reads 167-169 Great Portland Street with unit 5th Floor, and so does the floor written after the street or between the number and the street. Ground Floor Flat, 3rd Floor North, Level 3 and The Basement are units too, every unit an address carries is kept in the order written (5th Floor, Suite 500), and a building named with its number above a numbered street is the building: Tower 42, 25 Old Broad Street reads 25 Old Broad Street. In today's local compile the Companies House snapshot places 29,852 companies at 167-169 Great Portland Street and 27,998 at 86-90 Paul Street, and each of those spellings finds the same count. Across the whole snapshot no filing is keyed to a street that is only a floor any more, and 688 are keyed to a street with the word floor somewhere in it.
• An organisation line needs evidence — a word such as Ltd, PLC, Bank or HM, or an acronym above a town written in mixed case — so HMRC, BX9 1AS is valid with organization HMRC while asdf, BX1 1AA answers missing_street. DVLA, Swansea, SA99 1AR separates the organisation too, and still answers missing_street: only a BX code stands in for the street.
• A numbered box written after the street on the same line is the delivery point: 123 Main St P.O. Box 5, Springfield, IL 62701 answers po_box: "PO BOX 5", no street and box_line_moved, as PO Box 5 alone does.
• An Irish Co. Mayo or Co. Kerry line after the town is the county, and the town stays the town: Main Street, Castlebar, Co. Mayo reads Castlebar in Co. Mayo.
• Where a country writes the area after the town — Mexico, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Argentina, Chile and others — a line after the postcode's line is the area: Avenida Madero 1, Centro, 06000 Ciudad de México, CDMX reads Ciudad de México and CDMX, and İstiklal Caddesi 1, 34433 Beyoğlu, İstanbul reads Beyoğlu and İstanbul.
• A / splits a line only where the postcode leads the town and never after a bare number, so CS 70001 / 01001 Bourg-en-Bresse CEDEX is a box above its town while 3 / 1234 Pacific Highway, Pymble NSW 2073 keeps its unit and number.
• A care-of line that carries the street keeps it: C/O 39 Castle Street, Leicester LE1 5WN reads 39 Castle Street, where it used to read Leicester as the street.
• Unit words match whole words only, so Stevenage, Flagstaff, Levelland and Unity are towns again rather than an STE, FL, LEVEL or UNIT unit.

The parser corpus now holds 212 written addresses, 18 of them known limits with today's answer and a note.

Real streets are not placeholders. The shapes that mark a placeholder — no vowel, one letter repeated, a keyboard run — are now judged on the street without its type, never on the folded key that turned MG Road into MGRD and Bridge Street into BRST, which made the shape rules flag 1,013 of about 380,000 street names in Ordnance Survey's Open Names, and MLK Blvd besides. W counts as a vowel in Welsh (Bwlch, Cwmffrwd), R and L in Czech and Slovak (Tvrz). A part a dataset has confirmed is never judged at all: the comune of None under 10060, Jbphh for Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, CDMX for Mexico City. Measured over about 925,000 street names from the installed registers, 10 still flag.

Regions written the way people write them. Mexico's 32 states answer to their INEGI number, ISO code, abbreviation or name — CDMX, CMX, DF and Distrito Federal all mean Mexico City — and Ireland's provinces to their name, letter or Irish name, where any spelling but the directory's own used to score region_mismatch; Indian states answer to their ISO codes old and new, and a Spanish province with two official names to either. An Eircode routing key is filed under its province, so a county inside that province answers administrative_area_matches_postcode: null rather than a mismatch, a Dublin district key (D01–D24, D6W) confirms County Dublin (Dublin 2, Co. Dublin, D02 X285 matches), and a county in another province is still refused. Mexico City is a single city, so Ciudad de México written as the town of a Mexico City postcode is accepted, while any other state's name is still a wrong town.

The town check knows the municipality. GeoNames lists a colonia, a post office or a street under many postcodes instead of the town. For eighteen countries whose file carries it, the directory now also lists the municipality or city from the dump's own administrative columns: Guadalajara 44100, Mumbai 400001, Makati 1200, Sapporo 060-0001, Chiyoda-ku 100-0005 and București 030031 match their postcodes. Bulgarian cells holding a Cyrillic and a Latin name are split (Plovdiv 4000, Sofia 1000), as are Spanish ones holding two official names; every Singapore code lists Singapore; and Metro Manila's capital district lists Manila. Measured on the 9,903 towns of 15,000 people or more in those countries, the postcode nearest each town now names it 55.6 percent of the time, up from 32.8. The cost is leniency: a code 15 to 40 km away now names the town 10.7 percent of the time, up from 1.2, so a wrong town nearby is accepted more often than before.

CEDEX, box lines and Canada Post's stations. A CEDEX after the town is business-mail routing: 10 rue de Rivoli, 75384 Paris CEDEX 08 keeps its street and answers address_type: bulk_mail with po_box null, where it used to be read as a box and lose the street; a CS or TSA line is still the box. A street line that opens with a box written the short way — GD, P O Box, Apdo — becomes the box under the operator's name (GENERAL DELIVERY, PO BOX, APARTADO) and no longer stays the street as well, and a box on its own line beside a street keeps both and is written once in formatted, under the street, never again as a district. Canada Post's station stays on the box: GD STN A Calgary AB T2P 2M2 reads GENERAL DELIVERY STN A in Calgary, and PO Box 45 Stn LCD 1, Toronto ON M5W 1A1 keeps STN LCD 1 whole.

The sandbox takes an empty optional field. The published sandbox key answered 403 SANDBOX_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED to the test order the Shopify page prints, because the empty address_line2 a checkout sends reaches the API as null. An empty or null optional field now counts as absent; a value of any other type is still refused, and an empty field never makes an address that is not a test address answerable.

Two data pages, and fuller district pages. Address data sources lists every address register and postcode directory installed — publisher, licence, declared coverage and what partial means there, the levels it answers at, its size and version, how often it is refreshed — with the company registers and mailbox operators counted but not named, and a Markdown twin. Great Britain postcodes in numbers counts the live and terminated postcodes in the ONS directory, with the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man counted apart, the codes introduced and terminated in each of the last 24 complete months, and a row per postcode area. Each British district page now also lists its postcode sectors, the twelve nearest districts, every road Open Names files under it (named roads first, then numbered ones) and how many companies Companies House lists with a registered office there, with, from a hundred up, how many sit at addresses 25 or more companies share: WC2H has 91,283, of which 89,741. A page headlines the place Open Names most often lists first rather than the region, and the 26 Channel Islands and Isle of Man districts have pages of their own, apart from every Great Britain figure.

Measured on real business addresses. The address product page now publishes a recall table: every Sunday a seeded sample of up to 2,000 addresses from each installed company register goes through the ordinary lookup, uncharged and unlogged, and the page prints how far each got — the building, the street, the postcode only, nowhere, no register to ask, or refused as written. In the local run of 23 September 2026, 1,441 of 2,000 Companies House filings matched a street. It measures the matcher on addresses other people wrote, skewed urban and towards formation agents, and it is not coverage.

Street listings read the register that files the postcode. Belgium's three regional registers share its postcodes, and the streets and postcode endpoints used to ask only the first, Flanders, so every Brussels and Walloon postcode listed nothing: the streets endpoint answered 404 and the postcode endpoint an empty list. They now try each register in turn and name the one that answered: 1000 Brussels lists 1,394 streets and 4000 Liège 857, and 1,143 Belgian postcodes can be listed, up from 517.

Known limits. Where neither the directory nor a street listing settles a lone line, its shape still decides: London Wall, EC2M 5QD is read as the town and answers missing_street, because Open Names files London Wall under EC2Y, and Canary Wharf, E14 5AB still passes as a street called Canary Wharf. And only a BX code stands in for a street; other large-user codes do not.